Background: The essence of pterygium surgery is to excise the pterygium and inhibit recurrence. Multiple surgical techniques have evolved over the years to excise the pterygium and inhibit its recurrence.
Objective: To determine the outcome of pterygium excision with primary closure in terms of recurrence.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of all patients who had pterygium excision with primary repair during the study period at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto was undertaken. Data on demographic variables, extent of pterygium and pterygium recurrence after 6 months and postoperative
complications were extracted and analyzed.
Results: There were a total of 32 eyes in 32 patients studied with age range between 26 to 68 years {mean age of 47.2 (SD +12.32)}. There were 15 males and 17 females (M:F = 1:1). Majority of the patients had stage 3 pterygium (65.3%) followed by stage 2 (27.2%) and stage 4 pterygium (7.5%) was the least in frequency P=0.02, CI (2.50-2.95). There were twenty-nine patients (90.6%) with primary pterygia while three (9.4%) had recurrent pterygia. 56.2% of the patients had occupations with possible significant exposure to actinic damage. Recurrence occurred in 12.5% of the patients after 6 months’ follow-up.
Conclusion: Pterygium excision with primary closure appears to be safe and effective. Future comparative case series and randomized controlled studies are recommended

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that acts as a preservative or as enhancer of palatability and is locally called Ajinomoto or white magi in Nigeria.
Objectives: This study assessed the effect of sub-chronic oral exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) on some plasma biomarkers of hepatic and renal function in adult male Wistar rats.
Methods: Sixty-four adult male Wistar rats of average weight 150 to 200 g were randomly assigned into two groups of MSG-treated and non-MSG-treated control rats (n=64). The control rats were orally given distilled water only while the MSG-treated rats were administered 5 g/kg body weight of MSG at concentration of 500 mg/ml daily throughout the period of the experiment that lasted 8 weeks; feed and water were provide to both groups ad libitum. A total of 8 rats, 4 per group were sacrificed weekly for blood sample collection and analysis of hepatic and renal biochemical indices.
Results: the result of biochemical analysis showed significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in mean of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine activities in the MSG-treated rats.
Conclusion: The increases in the levels of plasma biochemical parameters signal some level of alteration in the normal physiologic function of both liver and kidney.